Functional characterization of novel, putative horizontally transferred genes in <i>Malassezia</i>.

<p>A) Upregulation of the gene containing the PFam domain PF06742 in nutrient deprived conditions in <i>M</i>. <i>globosa</i>. B) Downregulation of the gene containing PF13367 in nutrient deprived conditions in <i>M</i>. <i>globosa</i>. C) Peptide evidence for the genes containing PF06742 and PF13367 in <i>M</i>. <i>sympodialis</i>. D) Structural model of representative gene containing PF06742 (MGL_833 from <i>M</i>. <i>globosa</i> 7966 reference). Right side: full model with domains in different colors. Left side: zoom to Jelly Roll domain with predicted glycosyl hydrolase function (Coloring shows relative similarity to known hydrolase enzymes. Purple: structurally different; Gray: structurally same, amino acid different; Yellow: structurally same, amino acid identical, hydrophobic; Blue, Red, Green: structurally same, amino acid identical, non-hydrophobic [blue: positive charge; red: negative charge; green: polar]; Cyan: substrate sugar). E) Left side: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the <i>Malassezia</i> PrsW-like family (green) with representatives from PrsW (blue) and Rce1 (brown) families including one resolved structure (red). Gene IDs are specified behind species names and strain IDs. Right side: homology model of a PrsW-like protease (MG7966_4204 from <i>M</i>. <i>globosa</i> 7966; contains the PFam domain PF13367) with red arrow indicating conserved glutamates and histidines coming together to form the active site. Coloring: Blue: structurally different; Gray: structurally same, amino acid different; Yellow: structurally same, amino acid identical (all types).