Effect of simvastatin on the GPR40 signaling pathway in MIN6 β-cells and on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) levels in humans.

<p>The effect of simvastatin (Simva, 14.3 μM) on insulin secretion stimulated by GPR40 agonists TAK875 (40 μM) and GW9508 (40 μM) at 5.5 mM (<b>A</b>) and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations (<b>B</b>); the effect of pravastatin (26.3 μM) alone or in combination with TAK875 on insulin secretion at 5.5 mM (<b>C</b>) and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations (<b>D</b>); the effect of oleic acid (OA) at 10 μM, 30 μM, 0.5 mM and 1 mM concentrations and linoleic acid (LA) 0.5 mM concentration alone or in combination with simvastatin on insulin secretion at 5.5 mM glucose concentration (<b>E</b>); the effect of simvastatin treatment on the levels of EMFAs in 1,332 non-diabetic men from the METSIM study (<b>F</b>); SFA—total saturated fatty acids, PUFA—total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Insulin secretion were normalized with protein concentration, data are mean ± SEM relative to control (100%). p values were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test (A-E) or with t-test (F), *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared to control, p^#<0.05, p^##<0.01 compared to simvastatin treatment. Each group has 6 (4–6 in E) replicates.