Exogenous recombinant hTFF3 increased HUVEC monolayer proliferation, migration, invasion, and tubule formation <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) HUVEC monolayer proliferation at different concentrations of recombinant hTFF3 in 10% FBS condition. (B) HUVEC monolayer proliferation at different concentrations of recombinant hTFF3 in 0.2% FBS conditions. HUVEC treated with different concentrations of recombinant hTFF3 (0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5, 10 ng/mL of recombinant hTFF3) and BSA control (10 ng/mL). BSA was used as control. HUVEC treated with BSA control was a baseline. (C) HUVEC migration after 24 hours co-cultured with different concentration of recombinant hTFF3 or BSA control. (D) HUVEC invasion after 24 hours co-cultured with different concentration of recombinant hTFF3 or BSA control. (E) HUVEC tubule formation <i>in vitro</i>, in which HUVEC treated with different concentration of recombinant hTFF3 or BSA control were plated in the Matrigel. Total tubule length was assessed using ImageJ analysis software. (F) Representative light photomicrographs of HUVEC tubule formation <i>in vitro</i>, in which HUVEC treated with different concentrations of recombinant hTFF3 or BSA control. *, <i>P</i> < <i>0</i>.<i>05</i>; **, <i>P</i> < <i>0</i>.<i>01</i>; ***, <i>P</i> < <i>0</i>.<i>001</i> as compared with BSA control. Scale bar, 200 μm.