Recombination in haplotypes in association with heroin dependence.

<p>Individual 4-SNPs haplotypes (H2-H6), containing S1, S3, S5, and S29, significantly associated with (<i>P</i> < 0.05; <i>P</i>_{<i>Global</i>} < 0.05) with heroin dependence are separately analyzed in male + female (case n = 564; control n = 498) and male samples (case n = 338; control n = 293). A blue square block represents the ancestral allele and a red square block represents the derived allele. Refer to <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0142049#pone.0142049.s008" target="_blank">S6 Table</a> for further information on this figure. (A) Haplotype frequencies in female + male and male heroin dependent (HER) and combined control (CON) groups. Odds ratios (OR) are based on the all-derived-allele haplotype (H1). Odd ratio of 1.00 serves as the baseline for determining haplotype risks. An upward arrowhead in blue color shows risk-conferring effect of recombination and a downward arrowhead in green color shows a protective effect of recombination. (B) Effect of single recombination at S5-S29 junction on haplotype risks; and (C) Effect of additional recombination at S1-S3 and S3-S5 junctions on haplotype risks. (B-C) Dashed black intersecting lines represent major crossover points. Haplotype in blue background represents a risk-conferring haplotype (OR > 1.00) and haplotype in green background represents a protective haplotype (OR < 1.00).