Possible Points of Canonical Wnt Inhibition.

<p>This study has highlighted six possible points of canonical Wnt inhibition occurring in HSCs. (1) Predominantly non-canonical ligand expression. Non canonical signalling is inhibitory to canonical signalling (2) Decreased Fzd receptor expression, reducing response to canonical ligands secreted by other cells (3) Increased sFRP expression (4) Increased expression of other morphogens such as Notch, able to directly inhibit βCatenin. In the nucleus, HSCs express higher levels of the repressive TCF3 in comparision to the other TCF/LEF family members associated with transcriptional activation(5) (6) Transdifferentiation is associated with upregulation of SOX9, direct inhibitor of βCatenin activity.