A new triterpenoid saponin from <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> and its antiproliferative activity

<p>Chemical investigation of the anomalous fruits of <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> led to the isolation and identification of a new triterpenoid saponin, 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-<i>α</i>-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-<i>α</i>-L-rhamnopyrano--syl-(1 → 4)-<i>β</i>-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-<i>α</i>-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranosyl ester (<b>1</b>), along with other nine known compounds (<b>2</b>–<b>10</b>). All the isolates from this species were reported for the first time. The structure of Compound <b>1</b> was determined by a detailed analysis using various analytical techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR. <i>In vitro</i> antiproliferative activities of Compound <b>1</b> on MCF-7 and Hep-G2 tumor cell lines were evaluated. IC₅₀ values against the two cell lines were 9.5 and 11.6 μM, respectively.