Memory phenotype of vaccine antigen responsive CD4 T-cells.

<p>(A) Analysis of the memory phenotype of CD4 T-cells that express any cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF-α) in response to short-term stimulation with PPD. (B) A similar analysis was carried out following short-term stimulation with TT. Comparisons were made between HIV-unexposed (HU) and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants at month 3 (M3) and month 12 (M12) age groups. The horizontal line in the box and whisker plots is the median percentage of cytokine secreting T-cells with a particular surface memory phenotype, the box is the interquartile range and the whiskers the 10^th and 90^th percentiles. T_CM: central memory, T_EM: effector memory, T_EMRA: effector memory that re-express CD45RA. The Mann Whitney U test was used to assess differences between the two groups.