Adherence to NICE guidance on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evaluation using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink

<div><p></p><p><b>Aims:</b></p><p>To assess adherence to the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for initiating and continuing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).</p><p><b>Research design and methods:</b></p><p>A retrospective cohort study of 7133 primary care patients ≥40 years with a first prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist following publication of NICE guideline/guidance. Patient characteristics and levels of clinical monitoring were assessed using descriptive analyses.</p><p><b>Main outcome measures:</b></p><p>Main outcomes were the proportion of patients initiating GLP-1 receptor agonists as part of NICE-recommended dual- or triple-therapy regimens; the proportions meeting NICE triple therapy initiation criteria (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7.5% and body mass index [BMI] ≥35 kg/m²) and the proportions continuing GLP-1 receptor agonist at 6 months according to NICE recommendations.</p><p><b>Results:</b></p><p>Mean age at initiating GLP-1 receptor agonists was 58.2 years (SD 9.4), BMI 38.4 kg/m² (SD 6.8) and HbA1c 9.2% (SD 3.2%). Overall, only 25% of patients initiated GLP-1 receptor agonists as part of a NICE-recommended regimen. Of patients initiated on a recommended triple-therapy regimen, 50% (646/1284) fulfilled both NICE HbA1c and BMI initiation criteria. Approximately 18% (32/174) of patients continuing NICE-recommended dual therapy at 6 months achieved a 1% reduction in HbA1c and 6.4% (33/515) continuing with NICE-recommended triple therapy achieved NICE’s target reductions for both HbA1c and body weight. About 8% of patients continuing exenatide as triple therapy (<i>N</i> = 243) achieved both targets.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b></p><p>Adherence to NICE guidance for initiating and continuing GLP-1 receptor agonists is low. However, lack of data on ethnicity (for assessing NICE’s BMI criteria) and on contraindications and/or hypersensitivity to other diabetes medication in the treatment pathway have limited our ability to fully assess adherence to GLP-1 prescribing. Further research is warranted to better understand general practitioners’ prescribing decisions given the cost of prescribing GLP-1 receptor agonists.</p>