Urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis was associated with lung injury independent of pulmonary inflammation.

<p>(A) Urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis was promoted by BLM- or macrophage depletion-induced lung injury but was not affected by LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. (B-D) LPS exposure, BLM exposure and macrophage depletion reversed carcinogenic preventive efficacy of single compound but had slight effect on combined efficacy shown as lung tumor incidence, lung tumor number and lung weight, respectively. The results are presented as mean±SE (n = 20/group). *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, vs control group.