Chemical structure of kaempferol (A), and epithelial mucus hypersecretion in trachea and lung tissues (B).

<p>BALB/c mice were OVA-sensitized and orally supplemented with 10–20 mg/kg kaempferol. Lung tissue extracts were prepared for Western blot analysis with a primary antibody against MUC5AC. Representative blot data were obtained from 3 experiments, and β-actin protein was used as an internal control. The bar graphs (mean ± SEM) in the right panel represent quantitative results of blots. Values in bar graphs not sharing a letter indicate significant different at P<0.05. Tissue sections of mouse trachea and lung were stained by using PAS reagents and counterstained with hematoxylin (C and D). A strong PAS positive staining (red arrows) in many areas of mucous cells of airway epithelium was observed. Each photograph is representative of four mice.