Oral glucose tolerance test.

<p>Glucose (0.5 g/kg body weight) was administered orally through a gavage tube after 6 h of fasting, and blood glucose levels were measured at the specified time points of 0 (pre-glucose/fasting glucose level), and at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after administration. Glucose curve after oral glucose loading in non-diabetic and diabetic apolipoprotein E-null mice (<i>Apoe</i>^{<i>−/−</i>}) mice that received vehicle or dapagliflozin (A), and the area under the curve (AUC) (B). Glucose curve after oral glucose loading in diabetic <i>db/db</i> mice that received vehicle or ipragliflozin (C), and the AUC (D). The data are expressed as mean ± SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test for the comparison of <i>Apoe</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} mice: a, <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. non-diabetic <i>Apoe</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} mice that received vehicle; b, <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. non-diabetic <i>Apoe</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} mice that received dapagliflozin; c, <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. diabetic <i>Apoe</i>^{<i>−/−</i>} mice that received dapagliflozin. Unpaired t-test for the comparison of <i>db/db</i> mice: d, <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. vehicle. n = 5 per group. ^†<i>p</i> < 0.01, ^‡<i>p</i> < 0.001.