Comparison of the diversity of gut microbiomes of individuals across subsistence (a) Alpha diversity based on the phylogenetic metric, phylogenetic distance (PD) whole tree.

<p>(b) Beta diversity within each subsistence group based on unweighted UniFrac distances. (c) Beta diversity for pairs of subsistence groups based on unweighted UniFrac distances. For pairwise comparisons, all are significant (p < 0.05 unless specified (n.s.); Welch’s t-test). All p-values are based on Welch’s t-tests. Fis = Fishing population; Far(S) = Farmers from the South; Far(N) = Farmers from the North; HG = Hunter-gatherers.