Serum levels of different cytokines in control and palladium nanoparticle exposed rats.

<p>In the exposure range from 0.12 to 1.2 μg/kg it was possible to observe a general, but not statistically significant (with the exception of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 at 0.12 μg/kg), increase in all cytokine serum levels, while at 12 μg/kg 7 out of 9 of the cytokines examined showed remarkable (and statistically significant) increases in serum concentrations. *Group mean significantly different from controls (p value < 0.05).