A Series of Metal–Organic Frameworks Built of Triazolate-Trinuclear and Paddlewheel Units: Solid-Solution Framework Approach for Optimizing CO₂ Adsorption and Separation

Metal–organic frameworks with tunable functional groups like solid-solution have received considerable interest. In this paper, a <i>crs</i>-type structure built of [Zn₃(OH)­(dmtrz)₃] triazolate-trinuclear and [Zn₂(COO)₄] paddlewheel units, linked by 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolate (dmtrz) and isophthalate (ipa) ligands (named as MAC-4-A), has been used as a prototype framework. Four types of functional groups (B: 5-hydroxyisophthalate, C: 5-aminoisophthalate, D: 5-ethoxyisophthalate, and E: 5-acetamidoisophthalate) have been integrated into the framework, giving isostructures of MAC-4-B to E, respectively. Then, by the solid-solution framework approach, four group samples are prepared, which are MAC-4-AB-<i>x</i>, MAC-4-AC-<i>x</i>, MAC-4-AD-<i>x</i>, and MAC-4-AE-<i>x</i> (<i>x</i> denoted as the ratio of functional ligands in the framework, <i>x</i> = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7), and their CO₂ and N₂ adsorptions have been studied. Our results revealed that the CO₂ capacity is enhanced with the increase of functional groups and then decreases, showing a maximum uptake amount on MAC-4-AB-0.5, MAC-4-AC-0.5, MAC-4-AD-0.7, and MAC-4-AE-0.5 at 298 K and 1 bar, respectively. On the other hand, the calculated selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ gradually increases, giving the highest selectivity after the pore surface is completely functionalized