Effects of fertility control treatments on white-tailed deer population densities forecasted for 2015 and 2018 after culling to a management objective or 10 deer/km² in 2014 followed by fertility control treatment.

<p>The rows corresponding to the percent of adult females treated from top to bottom: 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%. The black dotted vertical line represents population density after culling in 2014 to give a baseline for population growth. The dashed vertical lines represent the bounds of the hypothetical management objective. The purple distribution represents the population effect of contraceptives with one year effectiveness which has the potential to maintain the population. The green distribution represents the population effect of contraceptives with three year effectiveness which has a similar effect to the 1 year contraceptives. The blue distribution represents sterilization. Sterilization reduced the population at a faster rate than contraceptives. The red distribution represents culling. Continuing to cull after an initial cull of 90% of the population further decreases the population beyond the management objective.