Catalysis with Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within the Pores of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly ordered crystalline porous materials prepared by the self-assembly of metal ions and organic linkers having low-density framework structures of diversified topologies with tunable pore sizes and exceptionally large surface areas. Other than outstanding gas/molecule storage properties, loading of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) into the pores of MOFs could afford heterogeneous catalysts having advantages of controlling the particle growth to a nanosize region, resulting in highly active sites and enhanced catalytic performances, and these entrapped MNPs within MOF pores could be accessed by reactants for chemical transformations. This is a rapidly developing research area, and this Perspective addresses current achievements and future challenges for diverse MOF-immobilized MNPs within their pores, focusing especially on their preparation, characterization, and application as heterogeneous catalysts