Interstitial Lithium Diffusion Pathways in γ‑LiAlO₂: A Computational Study

Although the Li diffusion in single crystalline γ-LiAlO₂ was studied with temperature-dependent Li-7 NMR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements recently, the exact diffusion pathways are not yet clearly identified. Therefore, the present study aims at elucidating the diffusion pathways in γ-LiAlO₂ theoretically from first principles. Competing pathways for Li diffusion are investigated using the climbing-image nudged-elastic-band approach with periodic quantum-chemical density functional theory (DFT) method. Li can migrate between two regular LiO₄ tetrahedral sites via Li point defect (V_Li) and via a Li Frenkel defect (V_Li + Li_<i>i</i>). On the basis of calculated activation energies for Li diffusion pathways, it is concluded that Li conductivity is strongly dependent on the distribution of Li vacancies and interstitial Li in the lattice. For Frenkel defects where Li_<i>i</i> is far away from the migrating Li atom, the calculated activation energies for jumps to nearest-neighbor vacant sites agree with experimental values