Effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury and remote ischemic conditioning on the renal expression of injury and inflammatory markers after 7 days of reperfusion.

<p>A) Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). B) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). C) Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). D) Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). E) Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Bars represent mRNA levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the left renal cortex/outer medulla normalised to 18S mRNA. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. Group means were compared using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison post-test. *P < 0.05 vs. sham. Number of animals (all markers): sham (n = 7), ischemia-reperfusion (IR; n = 10), IR and remote ischemic preconditioning (IR+rIPC; n = 10), IR and remote ischemic perconditioning (IR+rIPerC; n = 10).