Smooth longitudinal associations between changes in adiposity markers and intraocular pressure over time, by sex.

<p>Curves represent average longitudinal changes in intraocular pressure (solid lines) and their 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines) based on restricted quadratic splines for adiposity marker changes over time with knots at the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles and constrained to be 0 at baseline. Results were obtained from linear mixed models with interactions between spline terms and sex, random variations in baseline intraocular pressure levels and intraocular pressure changes over time across participants and between eyes within participants, and adjusted for baseline adiposity marker levels (restricted quadratic splines), study center (Seoul or Suwon), height (continuous), and baseline levels and changes over time in age (continuous), intraocular pressure measurement time (morning or afternoon), smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol drinking (< 1, 1–3, or > 3 days/week), physical activity (none, 1–3, or > 3 times/week), heart rate (continuous), hypertension (yes or no), and diabetes (yes or no).