Enhanced autophagy induced by Tat–Beclin-1 abolishes the neuroprotective effects of GM1.

<p>(A) Representative images of TTC stained sections and quantification of infarct size in sham, MCAO+saline, MCAO+Tat–Beclin-1, MCAO+GM1, and MCAO+Tat–Beclin-1+GM1 groups. n = 6 per group. (B) Neurological scores for the modified Garcia test. n = 6–12 per group. (C) Representative Western blotting images of LC3-I, LC3-II, P62, Beclin-1 and β-Actin in MCAO+saline, MCAO+GM1, MCAO+Tat–Beclin-1, and MCAO+Tat–Beclin-1+GM1 groups. n = 6 per group. (D) Quantification of LC3-II/LC3-I in the ipsilateral hemisphere. (E) Quantification of P62 in the ipsilateral hemisphere. (F) Quantification of Beclin-1 in the ipsilateral hemisphere.*<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs sham; #<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs MCAO+saline; @<i>p</i> < 0.05 vs MCAO+Tat–Beclin-1; & <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs MCAO+GM1.