<i>LDLR</i> and <i>PCSK9</i> Are Associated with the Presence of Antiphospholipid Antibodies and the Development of Thrombosis in aPLA Carriers

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>The identification of the genetic risk factors that could discriminate non- thrombotic from thrombotic antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA) carriers will improve prognosis of these patients. Several human studies have shown the presence of aPLAs associated with atherosclerotic plaque, which is a known risk factor for thrombosis. Hence, in order to determine the implication of atherosclerosis in the risk of developing thrombosis in aPLA positive patients, we performed a genetic association study with 3 candidate genes, <i>APOH</i>, <i>LDLR</i> and <i>PCSK9</i>.</p><p>Material & Methods</p><p>For genetic association study we analyzed 190 aPLA carriers -100 with non-thrombotic events and 90 with thrombotic events- and 557 healthy controls. Analyses were performed by χ2 test and were corrected by false discovery rate. To evaluate the functional implication of the newly established susceptibility loci, we performed expression analyses in 86 aPLA carrier individuals (43 with thrombotic manifestations and 43 without it) and in 45 healthy controls.</p><p>Results</p><p>Our results revealed significant associations after correction in SNPs located in <i>LDLR</i> gene with aPLA carriers and thrombotic aPLA carriers, when compared with healthy controls. The most significant association in <i>LDLR</i> gene was found between SNP rs129083082 and aPLA carriers in recessive model (adjusted <i>P</i>-value = 2.55 x 10⁻³; OR = 2.18; 95%CI = 1.49–3.21). Furthermore, our work detected significant allelic association after correction between thrombotic aPLA carriers and healthy controls in SNP rs562556 located in <i>PCSK9</i> gene (adjusted <i>P</i>-value = 1.03 x 10⁻²; OR = 1.60; 95%CI = 1.24–2.06). Expression level study showed significantly decreased expression level of <i>LDLR</i> gene in aPLA carriers (<i>P</i>-value <0.0001; 95%CI 0.16–2.10; SE 0.38–1.27) in comparison to the control group.</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Our work has identified <i>LDLR</i> gene as a new susceptibility gene associated with the development of thrombosis in aPLA carriers, describing for the first time the deregulation of <i>LDLR</i> expression in individuals with aPLAs. Besides, thrombotic aPLA carriers also showed significant association with <i>PCSK9</i> gene, a regulator of LDLR plasma levels. These results highlight the importance of atherosclerotic processes in the development of thrombosis in patients with aPLA.</p>