Hepatic protein expression as affected by NA and adipose protein expression as affected by time.

<p>A: The ratios of pooled groups (pool “NA” = HC-NA, LC-NA and pool “CON” = HC-CON, LC-CON, 24 or 0 g/d nicotinic acid from d1 to d21) were tested for the influence of nicotinic acid supplementation on the hepatic protein expression of PI3K and GLUT2 by one-way ANOVA (n = 10/group). Hepatic GLUT2 expression decreased from d-21 to d21 (ratio < 1) in cows fed NA, and it was lower in cows fed NA (*p = 0.03) compared to control cows at d21. B, C: The ratios of the protein expression in subcutaneous (B, “SCAT”) and retroperitoneal (C, “RPAT”) adipose tissue from all the cows. Cows were pooled (HC-NA, LC-NA, HC-CON, LC-CON) and tested for the difference to 1 by one-sample t-test (n = 20). The expression of signaling proteins in RPAT was generally lower at d21 compared to at d-21 (ratio < 1; **p < 0.01). Ratio = protein expression d21/d-21; ratio > 1: increase, ratio < 1: decrease; The red line indicates the ratio of protein expression at d-21 (d-21/d-21 = 1). Data are shown as mean ± standard error. NA: nicotinic acid, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, GLUT2: glucose transporter 2, INSR: insulin receptor, PKCζ = protein kinase Cζ.