Sperm viability from 60 honey bee queens (n = 10 / temperature and time interval) exposed to high (40°C) and low (4°C) temperatures for varying lengths of time.

<p>All queens were from a single source and control queens were held at 30°C for the 7 day test period, with queens exposed to experimental temperatures on day one. Letters over bars indicate significant differences (0<0.001 for all comparisons, 4°C = Steel-Dwass Method, 40°C = ANOVA Tukey-Kramer HSD).