Cell apoptosis and necrosis in the primary hepatocytes of juvenile <i>E</i>.<i>coioides</i> after CuSO₄ or Cu-NPs exposure.

<p>(A) cell apoptosis; (B) cell necrosis; (C) the nuclear ultrastructure examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scale bar = 2 μm. Data are means ±SD (n = 3). Significant differences (<i>p <</i>0.05) among treatments were indicated by different letters.