Parasitic and hemiparasitic species from family Scrophulariaceae s.l. in flora of Croatia

Parazitizam se pokazao kao efikasna metoda ne samo u životinjskom, već i biljnom svijetu. Ovisno o tome hoće li organizam biti obligatorni ili fakultativni parazit, doći će do različitih prilagodbi i stupnja redukcije određenih organa ili funkcija. U biljnom svijetu to podrazumijeva razvitak haustorija, tj. izmijenjenog korijena kojima i obligatorni i fakultativni paraziti crpe hranjive tvari biljke domaćina, ali i potpuni gubitak klorofila te stoga nemogućnost provođenja fotosinteze što je karakteristično isključivo za obligatorne parazite. U ovom radu ukratko je objašnjen mehanizam pronalaska i odabira biljke domaćina te načina na koji paraziti dobivaju ono što im je potrebno, s time da se pobliže opisuju (polu)parazitski rodovi porodice Scrophulariaceae koji žive u Hrvatskoj.Parasitism is shown as an effective method not only in the animal, but also in the plant world. Depending on whether an organism is obligate or facultative parasite, the adaptations and the reduction step of particular organs and functions would be different. In plant world, this includes development of the haustorium, i.e. a modified root used both by obligate and facultative parasites to derive nutritonal requirements from the host plant, but also a complete loss of chlorophyll and therefore impossibility to fotosynthesize what is typical only for obligate parasites. In this work, mechanism of finding and selection of plant host as well as the way in which parasites get what they need is shortly explained, as much as the (hemi)parasitic genera of family Scrophulariaceae distributed in Croatia are described more detailed