Metformin and telmisartan activate the AMPK-PARP1 cascade in aortic vessel wall of rodents under hyperglycemia and hypertension.

<p>db/m and db/db mice were treated with metformin (200 mg/kg/day) or glipizide (1.3 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. SHR and WKY rats were treated with telmisartan (10 mg/kg/day) or metoprolol (30 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. (A, D) Western blot analysis of protein levels in aortic extracts from various animal groups were analyzed by western blotting with various antibodies as indicated. (B, E) Scatter plots of ratio of phospho-PARP1 to total PARP1, phospho-AMPKα to total AMPKα, and PAR to β-actin for each aortic specimen. (C, F) RT-PCR analysis of mRNA level of eNOS, SIRT1, KLF4, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in rodent aortas. *<i>p</i><0.05 compared with controls.