Knee in sagittal plane: Mean (°) and <i>(SD(°))</i> of kinematic gait features pre- and post-BTX-A treatment (N = 73) compared to SPM analysis (N = 73) and findings from literature review.

<p>Panel (A) shows two graphs. The top graph shows the mean kinematics of the knee in the sagittal plane of 73 included legs pre-BTX-A treatment (light grey) versus post-BTX-A treatment (dark gray). The bottom graph represents the SPM {T} statistic (α = 0.01) as a function of the gait cycle. The critical threshold <i>t</i> = 3.425 (wide dashes) was exceeded at 41–59% and at 86% of the gait cycle, indicating a significant improvement of BTX-A treatment on the knee joint kinematics in the sagittal plane. Panel (B) shows the mean (°) and (SD) of features extracted from literature. * indicates a significant difference between pre- and post-BTX-A treatment based on Holm’s adjusted p-value (α < 0.05); ST = stance; SW = swing; Max. = maximum. Panel (C) indicates results from literature review. Res/Rep shows the number of papers that reported the feature to be responsive to BTX-A / number of papers that reported the feature.