Types of Measurement Invariance.

<p>Types of measurement invariance, with parameters unable to be equated displayed in red and dashed. (A) Strict factorial invariance, with between group differences arising from different factor means and/or different factor variances. (B) Failure of metric invariance, with between group differences arising from different factor loadings. (C) Failure of configural invariance, with between group differences arising from different numbers of latent factors.