Applications of choline amino acid ionic liquid in extraction and separation of flavonoids and pectin from ponkan peels

<p>Choline leucine ionic liquid solution was chosen to simultaneously extract flavonoids and pectin from ponkan peels, which were subsequently isolated by the corresponding K₃PO₄-based aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). Under optimized conditions of 54% solution for 100 min extraction at liquid–solid ratio 17, the predicted yields of flavonoids and pectin achieved 1.33% and 13.42%, respectively, the flavonoids determined directly after extraction and the pectin after ABS purification, with the two corresponding measured yields of 1.26% ± 0.04% and 12.85% ± 0.51%. Under optimal extraction, crude flavonoids contained maximal total flavonoid content of about 20% ± 1% after purification of the ABS involving 25% K₃PO₄ and dilution precipitation. What was directly isolated from K₃PO₄-rich phase was presumed to be a modified pectin.