Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy level in H9c2 Cells.

<p>(A) Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay. The data are presented means ± SE (N = 5). ***p<0.001 vs. normoxia group. ###p<0.001 vs. corresponding H/R group. (B) H/R induced HO-1, p62, and LC-3 protein expression analyzed using western blots of H9c2 cells. GAPDH was used as a loading control (n = 3 wells per group). *p<0.05 vs. corresponding normoxia group; #p<0.05, vs. corresponding H/R group. (C) Representative confocal microscopy images and quantitative analysis of autophagosomes from 15 fields (n = 3 hearts per group). Scale bar = 500 nm. **p<0.01 vs. corresponding normoxia group; ##p<0.01 vs.corresponding H/R group. H/R, Hypoxia/reoxygenation; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1. (D,E) Flow cytometry detection of changes in JC-1 fluorescence color reflects changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS levels. **p<0.01 vs. corresponding normoxia group; ***p<0.001 vs corresponding Normoxia group. ##p<0.01, vs corresponding H/R group. (F) The apoptosis rate of the four groups. Cell identification and detection of apoptosis. **p<0.01 vs corresponding Normoxia group; #p<0.05, vs corresponding H/R group.