Percentages of up- (red bars) and down-regulated (blue bars) genes between two successive stages of Hessian fly in eight different functional categories.

<p>‘3 vs 1’, ‘5 vs 3’, ‘7 vs5’, ‘P vs 7’, and ‘A vs P’ represent comparisons made between 3- versus 1-day larvae, 5- versus 3-day larvae, 7- versus 5-day larvae, pupae versus 7-day larvae, and adults versus pupae. The eight categories of genes were indicated on the top of each graph in the figure.