Effects of <i>PPAR-β</i> gene silencing on 4a-induced neuronal differentiation of ES cells.

<p>ES cells were treated with sh-<i>PPAR-β</i> plasmid for 24 h, and then cultured according to 4-/4+ protocol. <b>A-B:</b> Nestin expression was detected by immunostaining and western blot assay on d 8. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Bar = 20 μm. <b>C:</b> β-tubulin III expression was detected by immunostaining on d 8+10. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Bar = 50 μm. <b>D:</b> β-tubulin III and NEFM expression was detected by western blot assay on d 8+10. The data was obtained from the index of each proteins compared with GAPDH. <b>E:</b> The neuronal property of synaptic vesicle recycling was detected by FM1-43FX. The data was obtained from the index of fluorescence intensity normalized to MTT absorbance. Statistical significance was set as *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P<</i>0.01 vs. sh-<i>control</i> group. Data represent mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments.