Proposed mechanism by which fluoride affects lipid metabolism depending on the type of diet consumed and time of exposure.

<p>The diet-dependency effects of fluoride in lipid metabolism are observed strictly at earlier periods and are related with ER oxidative stress. Upon consumption of normocaloric diet, fluoride-induced oxidative stress leads to increase of GRP78, which in turn reduces SREBP, thus deactivating TG synthesis. However, in the presence of hypercaloric diet, fluoride exposition induces oxidative stress highlighted by GRP78, ERp29 and SOD2 increases, which in turn, by undetermined mechanism, leads to reduction of Apo-E, which diminishes precursors of Acetyl–Coa and leads to less formation of liver TG.