PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 identify HIV-infected cells in distinct memory CD4⁺ T-cell subsets during ART.

<p>(A), (B), (C) Frequencies of memory CD4⁺ T-cell subsets (naïve (T_N), central memory (T_CM), transitional memory (T_TM), effector memory (T_EM) and terminally differentiated (T_D)) expressing PD-1, TIGIT or LAG-3, respectively. Horizontal bars indicate median values with interquartile ranges. (D), (E), (F) Frequencies of cells harboring integrated HIV DNA in T_CM, T_TM and T_EM CD4⁺ T-cell subsets sorted based on their expression of PD-1 (n = 12), TIGIT (n = 9) or LAG-3 (n = 7), respectively. Results are expressed as the HIV copy number in million cells of a given subset. P values were obtained from negative binomial regression analysis. Significant differences (p<0.05) are designated by a p value in bold. Open circles represent the limit of detection in the negative samples (based on cell input).