Fluid shear stress induction.

<p>(a) Schematics of the fluidic system we used to exert a constant shear stress on osteoblasts. 1: Ibidi culture chamber with osteoblasts attached to the lower plate (not depicted). 2: Container located under the culture chamber. 3: Peristaltic pump. 4: Container located above the culture chamber. Its position above the culture chamber permits to adjust the flow rate. 5: Microscope and camera (not shown). (b) Image of the culturing chamber showing the border of the micro-fluidic chip, and the direction of the shear stress flow at ≈ 80°.