The <i>R</i>₀-centrality for every commuting pathway and residential station in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

<p>The <i>R</i>₀-centralities of commuting populations: (A-1), those who directly commute to Shinjuku station; (A-2), those who do not commute to Shinjuku station but share a common resident station with them; (A-3), neither of them, are plotted against the population size of its working population. Similarly, the <i>R</i>₀-centralities of non-commuting population: (B-1), those residing at the station area from which at least one commutes to Shinjuku station; (B-2), those residing at the station area from which no one commutes to Shinjuku station, are plotted against the population size of its resident population.