Commute network model of the Tokyo metropolitan area.

<p>Geographical distribution of daytime working/studying population (A) and nighttime residing population (B) at each station. Each dot corresponds to a single station, with the color indicating its population size. The red colored stations near the center of (A) corresponds to the inner urban area of the Tokyo metropolitan area, which include the largest working station Shinjuku station, the second largest Tokyo station, and the third largest Shibuya station; the two red stations in the lower left are the Kawasaki and Yokohama stations. The longitude and latitude of each station were acquired from the Station Database [<a href="http://www.ekidata.jp" target="_blank">http://www.ekidata.jp</a>]. (C) Population size distribution of the daytime working/studying population (red line) and the nighttime residing population (blue line) at each station. (D) Illustration of the commute network model. Each station has a working/studying area (daytime “work population”, red circles) and a residing area (nighttime “home population”, blue circles) connected by a commuting flow (“commuting population”). The non-commuting population at each station (“resident population”, green circles) is connected to the corresponding home population.