Platelets are hyperreactive in T2DM patients.

<p>Panels A and B: Hirudinized whole blood of non-diabetic (open bars) and T2DM subjects (filled bars) was incubated in the presence of PE-conjugated anti-P-selectin MAb and in the absence or presence of 4 μM PAR1-AP for 20 min at 22°C. Platelet P-selectin expression was determined by flow cytometry. The data plotted are mean±SEM the percentages (panel A) and mean fluorescence intensities (panel B) of P-selectin positive platelets in the total platelet population; n = 8. *P<0.05 vs unstimulated samples; #P<0.05 vs non-diabetic controls. Panels C and D: Hirudinized whole blood was incubated at 37°C in the presence of 10 μM PAR1-AP during 8 min. At the time points of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 min, blood aliquots were added into the binding buffer containing PE-conjugated annexin V and FITC-CD42a MAb, and incubated for 20 min at 22°C. Thereafter, annexin V-binding of single platelets was analysed by flow cytometry. Mean±SEMs of the percentages (panel C) and mean fluorescence intensities (panel D) of annexin V binding positive platelets are plotted, n = 7; P value of repeated measurements ANOVA indicates the difference between non-diabetic (open circles and solid line) and T2DM subjects (filled triangles and dash line).