ITO-Free Solution-Processed Flexible Electrochromic Devices Based on PEDOT:PSS as Transparent Conducting Electrode

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are emerging as novel technology for various applications ranging from commercialized smart window glasses, goggles, and autodimming rear view mirrors to uncommon yet more sophisticated applications such as infrared camouflage in military and thermal control in space satellites. The development of low-power, lightweight, inexpensive, and flexible devices is the need of the hour. In this respect, utilizing PEDOT:PSS as transparent conducting electrode (TCE) to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal based TCEs for ECDs is a promising solution for the aforementioned requirements. In this work we have demonstrated the performance of PEDOT:PSS films coated on flexible substrates, treated with PTSA-DMSO, as TCEs for ECD applications and their comparison with that of ITO based ECDs. The PEDOT:PSS based flexible TCEs used in this study have conductivity of 1400–1500 S·cm^–1 and figure of merit (FoM) of 70–77. The process of increasing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS films also led to the broadening of the conducting potential window (CPW), which is important for electrochemical applications of PEDOT:PSS when used as a stand-alone electrode. More than achieving a comparable electrochromic contrast, switching time, and coloration efficiency with respect to the ITO based ECDs, PEDOT:PSS devices also had the added advantage of good mechanical flexibility. These devices demonstrated superior stability during electrochemical cycling and multiple mechanical bending tests, making them an inexpensive alternative to the costly ITO based ECD technology