Dissemination of Nipah virus in the nasal cavity and lung of hamsters inoculated with NiV-M.

<p>IHC was used to detect the presence of viral antigen in the nasal cavity and lung at 4, 8, 16, 24, 32 and 48 hpi in Syrian hamsters intranasally inoculated with NiV-M. Viral antigen is labeled brown in all images. Viral antigen was not detected in the nasal cavity at 4 or 8 hpi (A, B). Viral antigen was first observed in the nasal cavity at 16 hpi, as shown here in respiratory epithelium lining a nasal turbinate (C). Increasing amounts of viral antigen were detected in olfactory and respiratory epithelium at subsequent time points (D-F). The spread of viral antigen to the submucosal glands was first detected at 24 hpi (arrow) (D). Nipah virus antigen was not observed at 4 hpi in the lung (G). Viral antigen was first detected at 8 hpi in the lung; arrow indicates antigen in type I pneumocytes (H). Increasing amounts of viral antigen were detected in pneumocytes at subsequent time points in the lung (I-L). Viral antigen was also detected in bronchiolar respiratory epithelium (arrowhead), bronchiolar smooth muscle (black arrow) and arterial smooth muscle (inset; red arrow) (L). The artery depicted in the inset (L) was from a different portion of the lung than that shown in the main image. All images were taken at 400x, except for (H) which was taken at 630x. A schematic representation of the hamster respiratory tract is shown in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005120#pntd.0005120.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>.