Male and female faculty have similar number of co-authors per publication for five other disciplines, but not for molecular biology.

<p>Probability of females having greater number of co-authors per publication in a given year of her career than a male peer at the same career stage (red lines). We use z-scores to account for the increasing size of research teams and the fluctuations over career stage (see <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002573#sec011" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>). We indicate the 99% confidence intervals by the grey areas, and the medians of the probabilities obtained from random ensembles by black lines. The p-values are obtained under under the null hypothesis that there is a 99% probability of any value being outside the confidence interval. Note that although the difference in the average size of teams appears to be statistically significant, it is not consistent along the career stage, except for chemistry for the first few years, and for molecular biology in later career stages (dark horizontal bars). Data for this figure are in <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002573#pbio.1002573.s020" target="_blank">S3 Data</a>.