Analysis of responses to flashed gratings.

<p>(A) Examples of RGC spike raster plots in response to 6 of the total of 60 flashed gratings. Each row shows the responses to the same grating which is shown on the left. Each column of raster plots shows responses from the same neuron. For better illustration of timing relations we show only the time range from 100 ms to 200 ms after stimulus onset, but analyzed the range from 0 ms to 300 ms. The scale bar below the grating represents the width of the projected image on the retina. (B) First spike latencies of three representative neurons, sorted for each neuron individually. Each color shows the latencies for a different grating phase. (C) Five temporal modules that were identified by space-by-time NMF. Different rows correspond to different modules. (D) Comparison of decoding performance on unshuffled responses with space-by-time NMF (denoted as space-and-time), after shuffling bins across time (space-only), after shuffling bins across neurons (time-only), after keeping only the first spike of each neuron in each trial (latency-code) and for the rank order decoder (rank order).