Expression of all three biases is differentially present in subjects with high versus low Pavlovian approach, quantified in a separate gambling task.

<p>Blue bars denote subjects with below-median values for β_gain–β_loss; red bars denote subjects with above-median values. <b>(A)</b> The positive evidence approach bias is quantified using the β₅ parameter in the parametric model of subject behavior; in both conditions, subjects with high approach-avoid parameter differences show more positive evidence approach than subjects with low parameter differences. <b>(B)</b> The rejecting unsampled option is quantified using the β₄ parameter in the parametric model of subject behavior; in the add conditions, there is considerably greater expression of rejecting unsampled option in subjects with high approach-avoid parameter differences; there is a weaker trend in the opposite direction in the multiply condition. <b>(C)</b> The sampling the favorite bias is by quantified using the β₆ parameter in the parametric model of subject behavior; in both conditions, subjects with high approach-avoid parameter differences show more sampling the favorite bias than subjects with low parameter differences. Bars/error bars reflect mean/standard deviation across 1,000 bootstrapped samples of 10,000 gameplays. Data for reproducing all analyses is freely available for download from Dryad.