Yeast induced DC cytokine secretion relies on Dectin-1 mediated phagocytosis.

<p>DC secretion levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 following 20 h stimulation with DC media (unstimulated), a probiotic reference strain (<i>S</i>. <i>boulardii</i>), or <i>K</i>. <i>marxianus</i> at a yeast:DC ratio of 10:1 (MOI 10). <b>A.</b> For each yeast strain, DC stimulation was performed following a 30 min DC pre-incubation with HBSS (no treatment), a nonspecific isotype matched control antibody (control mAb) or monoclonal blocking antibodies specific for Dectin-1, TLR2, or DC-SIGN. Data are expressed as percent cytokine secretion relative to pre-incubation with HBSS (no treatment) and displayed as mean ± SEM of four independent experiments (four donors). <b>B.</b> For each yeast strain, DC stimulation was performed following a 30 min DC pre-incubation with HBSS (no treatment) or 20μM Cytochalasin D, a potent inhibitor of actin polymerization. Data are expressed as percent cytokine secretion relative to pre-incubation with HBSS (no treatment) and displayed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments (three donors). Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.