Antibiotic treatment substantially alters GLP-1 secretion independent of the mouse genotype.

<p>Insulin sensitivity, as measured by the insulin tolerance test in control female WT (<b>a</b>) and female <i>Ffar2</i>^-/- mice (<b>b</b>), treated with antibiotics (open circles) or untreated (filled circles), where the y axis shows the relative glucose level at each time point as compared to the glucose level at 0 min. (<b>c-d</b>) The serum insulin response to a glucose challenge in antibiotic treated mice (open symbols) compared with control mice (filled symbols) in both WT mice (<b>c</b>) and <i>Ffar2</i>^-/- mice (<b>d</b>). Plasma GLP-1 levels in antibiotic treated mice (white bars) compared to control mice (black bars) at 0 min and 30 min for the WT (<b>e</b>) and <i>Ffar2</i>^-/- mice (<b>f</b>). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Data in (<b>a-d</b>) were compared by 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analyses. Data in (<b>e, f</b>) were compared by Student’s t-test. (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***p<0.001), n = 5–8 mice/group.