Time course profile of cell viability, autophagy and apoptosis in TG-induced ER stress when autophagy was hyper-activated by resveratrol.

<p>HEK293T cells were pre-treated with resveratrol (10 μM for twenty-four hours) followed by TG addition (10 μM for two hours). <b>A)</b> The relative number of viable cells after TG treatment was denoted in time (error bars represent standard deviation, asterisks indicate statistically significant difference from the control: ∗—p < 0.05; ∗∗—p < 0.01). <b>B)</b> The relative cell viability was plotted in time after TG treatment (error bars represent standard deviation). <b>C)</b> The autophagy (LC3), the apoptosis (proCaspase3, PARP), the AMPK (ULK-555P) and the mTOR (4-EBP1P, p70SP) markers and GADD34 were followed in time by immunoblotting. GAPDH was used as loading control.