Mitochondrial replication machinery.

<p>Gene expression (A,C) and protein levels (B,D) for TWINKLE, POLG and POLRMT in MDA-MB-231 (A,C) and H23 (B,D) cell lines determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Cells were exposed to DMSO (0.02%), MitoT (dark gray bars), MitoQ (gray bars), and MitoCA (light gray bars) at 2μM for 24 hours. In A-B, bars represent the average log2 fold change normalized to <i>GAPDH</i> and the DMSO control. Statistical significance is expressed as asterisks at p<0.05 relative to the DMSO control. In C-D, bars denote the mean densitometry (+/-1 SEM) of immunoblots of mitochondrial fractions normalized to VDAC and the corresponding DMSO treatment. For each assay, two independent experiments were performed (n = 3).