Apical branching is induced at sites of neutrophil interaction independently of ROS production and NETosis.

<p>(A) Treatment with known regulators of NETosis allowed manipulation of NET formation by neutrophils in this system. (B) Inhibition of NETosis by DPI or DNAse treatment had no influence on the increased branching levels observed in fMLP-treated groups, suggesting that this effect was independent of NETosis. N ≥ 25 hyphae scored from 3 experiments. Errors bars: mean ± SEM. Statistics: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post test. Adjusted p values: *p≤0.05, **p≤0.01, ***p≤0.001, ****p≤0.0001.