CK14 siRNA receded the collective invasion in an ex vivo 3D culture assay.

<p>(A), Left showed Western blotting analysis of CK14 silencing by CK14-siRNA1 and CK14-siRNA in tumor fragments. ß-actin loading control is also shown. Representative of three independent experiments was shown. Right showed transcription levels of CK14 silencing by CK14-siRNA1 and CK14-siRNA2, relative to GAPDH, determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Error bars represent the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. (B) Representative micrographs of the border of the SACC tumor organoids in an ex vivo 3D culture assay between CK14-siRNA1 and the control was shown. (C) Left showed the number of tumor organoids in control and CK14 siRNA group (<i>P</i> = 0.002). Right showed the number of tumor organoids in control and CK14 siRNA group at different time of culture. The data showed that organoids transfected with siRNA-CK14 displayed a significantly lower capability of cells to migrate compared with control at the different times of the culture (<i>P</i><0.0001).