Spatiotemporal evolution of <i>ϕ</i> (top row), cell stress (middle row), and substrate displacement (bottom row) at time = 30, 60, 90 min.

<p>FA-cell area critical ratio: 30%; <i>E</i>_<i>s</i> = 2.5 kPa; No FA breakage. Black outlines indicate the location of the FAs. Vectors in cell stress contour graphs (middle row) show direction of forces arising from FA attachments. Note that as the cell spreads these forces are oriented toward the cell center.